Bank Regulatory Terms for the Banker and Dealmaker
California Finance Lenders License
Purpose: Provide mortgage brokers and lenders with an exemption to other licenses
Main Function: A required license for different types of consumer and commercial lending
http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/cacode/FIN/1/d9/1/1
http://www.cfllicense.com/
http://media.mofo.com/files/Uploads/Images/140219-Expanded-Commercial-Loan.pdf
CALL Report
Purpose: A financial report that must be filed by all regulated financial institutions in the U.S. every quarter
Main Function: The CALL Report contains each bank’s balance sheet and income statement and is audited by the FDIC for errors.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/callreport.asp
CFPB-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (12 U.S.C § 5491)
Purpose: Preventing predatory mortgage lending, improving clarity of mortgage paperwork for consumers
Main Function: Enforcing federal consumer financial laws; reviewing business practices to ensure that financial services providers are following the law
https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/consumer-financial-protection-bureau
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-financial-protection-bureau-cfpb.asp
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dodd-frank-financial-regulatory-reform-bill.asp
Collateral
Purpose: Provide the lender security in the event of a loan default
Main Function: Assets a borrower offers a lender to secure a loan
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/collateral.asp
Dodd-Frank Act-Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (12 U.S.C. § 5301)
Purpose: Lower risk in various parts of the U.S. financial system to prevent economic collapse
Main function: Monitor performance of companies that are labeled as “too big to fail” Monitor insurance companies that pose an economic risk
Prevent predatory mortgage lending
Restrict bank investments and regulate trading in derivatives
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dodd-frank-financial-regulatory-reform-bill.asp
FDIC-Federal Deposit Insurance Company created (48 Stat. 162) (Glass-Steagall Act)
Purpose: Encourage stability in the financial system through the promotion of sound banking practices
Main Function: “Insuring deposits” in banks
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdic.asp
Federal Reserve Board (FRB) created (12 U.S.C. § 226)
Purpose: Govern the Federal Reserve System Provide a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system
Main Function: Imposing penalties upon banks, setting the Federal Reserve discount rate
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/226
http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/about_12594.htm
http://definitions.uslegal.com/t/the-federal-reserve-board/
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/frb.asp
Glass-Steagall Act
Purpose: Restore public confidence in the US banking system, Prohibit commercial banks from being involved in investment banking
Main Function: Create FDIC
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/glass_steagall_act.asp
Hard-money lender
Purpose: Loans that are backed only by the value of the property
Main Function: Short-term bridge loan with higher interest rates than subprime loans that are not given by banks due to the high risk involved
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hard_money_loan.asp
HELOC-Home Equity Line of Credit
Purpose: HELOC enables a borrower to draw a loan of approximately 75%-80% of the home’s value
Main Function: Line of credit that uses the borrower’s home as collateral with a variable interest rate (based on current prime rates) attached to the loan
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/homeequitylineofcredit.asp
http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/home-equity-loan-basics-30021.html
HUD-1
Purpose: Inform buyer and seller of charges
Main Function: A form used by closing agents to show all charges on a buyer and seller in a real estate transaction.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hud-1.asp
Intellectual Property (Intellectual Property Protection and Courts Amendments Act of 2004)
Purpose: Patents, trade secrets, and ideas owned and legally protected by a company from outside use.
Main Function: Prevent the theft of trade secrets and enable prosecution for stealing of company knowledge
http://www.copyright.gov/legislation/pl108-482.html
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/intellectualproperty.asp
Loan originator (12 U.S.C. § 1026.36 (1))
Purpose: Institution that works with a borrower to complete a mortgage transaction.
Main Function: Offer credit terms, negotiating credit terms on behalf of a consumer, obtaining an extension of credit for a consumer, or referring a consumer to a loan originator or creditor.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/12/1026.36
http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201309_cfpb_titlexiv_updates.pdf
http://www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/ramh/safe/smlicact.cfm
http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201306_cfpb_compliance-guide_loan-originator-compensation-rule.pdf
OCC-Office of the Comptroller of the Currency created (12 U.S.C. § 38)
Purpose: Charter and regulate the national banks
Main Function: Monitors the banks to ensure they are operating safely and in compliance with federal laws
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/office-comptroller-currency-occ.asp
Peer to peer lending
Purpose: Borrowing and lending without the use of banks
Main Function: Allow borrowers that would not normally be approved for a loan to have a form of debt financing
The peer-to-peer loans generate income through interest for the lender, exceeding the amount offered from prime loans
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/peer-to-peer-lending.asp
http://www.mofo.com/~/media/Files/UserGuide/2015/150129P2PLendingBasics.pdf
QM or Qualified Dodd-Frank Mortgage
Purpose: Provide restrictions against lenders from issuing loans to borrowers that do not qualify
Main Function: Lenders analyze the borrower’s ability to repay based on incomes, assets, and debts to ensure there is less risk of defaulting on the loan
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/qualified-mortgage.asp
Regulation D (17 CFR § 230.501)
Purpose: SEC regulation regarding non-public offering exemptions.
Main Function: Allow companies to offer and sell their securities without having to register the securities with the SEC through Rule 504, Rule 505, and Rule 506.
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/regulationd.asp
http://www.sec.gov/answers/regd.htm
https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/17/230.501
RESPA-Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (12 U.S.C. § 2601)
Purpose: Inform and protect potential homeowners to become more savvy consumers, Prohibit lenders from paying kickbacks to friendly mortgage brokers
Main Function: Lenders must provide large amounts of information to potential borrowers at points throughout the loan process
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/real-estate-settlement-procedures-act-respa.asp
SBA-Small Business Administration created (15 U.S.C. § 633)
Purpose: Protect the interests of small businesses and strengthen the United States economy
Main Function: Provide guidelines for loans made by lenders, and a guarantee that the borrower will repay the loans
https://www.sba.gov/about-sba/what-we-do/mission
https://www.sba.gov/content/what-sba-offers-help-small-businesses-grow
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/633
Shadow Banking
Purpose: Financial institutions (hedge funds) that are not subject to regulatory oversight due to not accepting traditional bank deposits
Main Function: Take higher risk instruments than regulated institutions such as derivatives, securities lending, risky investments
Regulated institutions operate in shadow banking when they are involved in credit default swaps
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shadow-banking-system.asp
http://www.bloombergview.com/quicktake/shadow-banking
Sub-prime mortgage
Purpose: A type of mortgage that carries higher than normal risk of default due to being offered to borrowers with lower credit ratings
Main function: Provide the borrower with a higher interest rate to compensate for the lender’s risk.
http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/subprime_mortg.htm
State licensed-non-member bank (12 U.S.C. 1813(e))
Purpose: Subject to less regulation than member banks and only with the state in which they are chartered
Main Function: Nonmember banks are not required to purchase stock in the Federal Reserve
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/12/1813
https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/laws/rules/1000-400.html
http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Nonmember+Bank
TILA-TILA-Truth in Lending Act (15 U.S.C. § 1601)
Purpose: To protect consumers in their dealings with lenders and creditors
Main Function: Requiring the disclosure of the annual percentage rate (APR), term of the loan and total costs to the borrower before extending credit
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tila.asp
“Too big to Fail”
Purpose: Prevent the failure of large corporations through a government bailout
Main Function: A government bailout is given to a company as an attempt to avoid economic collapse
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/too-big-to-fail.asp
UCC Article 9-Uniform Commercial Code-Secured Transactions
Purpose: Provides the rules governing any transaction (other than a finance lease) that couples a debt with a creditor’s interest in a debtor’s personal property.
Main Function: Allows the creditor to repossess the debtor’s property to satisfy the outstanding debt.
http://www.uniformlaws.org/ActSummary.aspx?title=UCC%20Article%209%20Amendments%20%282010%29
https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/9/article9
Utah industrial bank
Purpose: FDIC-insured financial institutions which can be owned by commercial firms that are not regulated by a federal banking agency
Main Function: Sell certificates called investment shares and accept deposits. Industrial banks invest the funds in installment loans
https://www.fdic.gov/regulations/examinations/supervisory/insights/sisum04/industrial_loans.html
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/industrial-bank.asp
